Myriam Khodri, Jebri Beyrem, David Niezgodda, Arnaud Caubel and Yann Meurdsoif from the IPSL Climate Modelling Centre have been awarded ~60 millions hours of HPC as part of the PRACE 23st call for proposals (October 2021 to September 2022). ASSIM2K proposes to use a newly developed Auxiliary Particle Filter (APF) which combines a Linear inverse Model and the massively parallelized very-low resolution IPSL-CM6 climate model to reconstruct and attribute sources of recent climate changes, through the seamless integration of the last 2000 years of external (natural and anthropogenic) forcings and the assimilation of observations (instrumental and proxy). The PRACE allocation will generate breakthrough outcomes allowing (i) benchmark against observations and documented historical events, the ability of CMIP-class climate models to capture the processes of natural climate change, (ii) identify when, where and with which level of confidence anthropogenic climate changes emerge out of the natural “noise” and (iii) compare historical and modern societies’ resilience to past and recent climate changes.